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The commonly used material for shielding is

When the reactor is in operation, a large amount of radioactivity is generated. Shielding reduces the intensity of radiation.

Radiation shielding effectiveness depends upon the radiation energy, type, and thickness of the shielding material.

High atomic numbers and high-density materials such as lead, tungsten, and concrete provide the best effective shielding against gamma radiation against lead.

Lead metal is the preferred material for radiation shielding. The reason is that lead is highly effective in providing protection from sources of radiation.