Which of the following is not specifically required by search engines?
Poor user experience is not preferred by search engines as they want to deliver the best results to the users and a bad user experience can lead to higher bounce rates, low dwell time, and low conversion rates which are all negative signals for the search engines.
Keyword stuffing is a black hat SEO technique in which a web page is loaded with keywords or numbers in an attempt to manipulate a site's ranking in Google search results. This is not preferred by search engines and can lead to penalties or even getting the website banned from the search engine results.
Buying links is also a black hat SEO technique, in which a website owner pays for backlinks to their site in an attempt to artificially increase their search engine rankings. This is not preferred by search engines and can lead to penalties or even getting the website banned from the search engine results.